Sangrado genital por cuerpo extraño en niñas prepuberales: a propósito de un caso / Genital bleeding caused by foreign body in prepubertal girls: a case report

El sangrado genital en niñas prepúberes es un signo poco frecuente y siempre requiere determinar su causa. Se necesitan una detallada anamnesis y examen físico, con el conocimiento adecuado de la anatomía uroginecológica, y, en muchos casos, estudios de imágenes y exámenes complementarios, para arribar al diagnóstico. Se presenta el caso de una niña de 7 años con sangrado genital, cuyo examen físico y estudios complementarios fueron poco concluyentes, y que requirió un procedimiento invasivo para su resolución. (AU)

Genital bleeding in prepubertal girls is a rare sign and always requires determining its cause. A detailed history and physical examination are needed, with adequate knowledge of urogynecological anatomy, and in many cases, imaging studies and complementary tests, to arrive at the diagnosis. We present the case of a 7-year-old girl with genital bleeding, whose physical examination and complementary studies were inconclusive, requiring an invasive procedure for its resolution. (AU)

Comparison of the clinical profile of prepubertal versus pubertal female child sexual abuse in a tertiary hospital

Objective@#This study aimed to compare the clinical profile of prepubertal and pubertal female child sexual abuse. @*Methods@#A cross-sectional analytical study involving 43 sexually abused children was done. Each patient was categorized as prepubertal or pubertal based on the Tanner stage. Medical history was gathered using a structured interview and physical examination done with proper documentation after obtaining consent. Blind review by child protection specialists was done on genital images. Descriptive statistics were utilized for all variables. @*Results@#This study showed 11.97% and 22.22% prevalence for prepubertal and pubertal child sexual abuse, respectively. Most prepubertal children disclosed digital vaginal penetration by the father and non-relative household members, while most pubertal children reported penile-vaginal penetration by the boyfriend. Fondling was common to both groups. The majority were repeated abuse and usually happened at the perpetrator’s house. Behavioral changes and genital symptoms were common in prepubertal children. Findings of hymenal trauma were found in 25% of prepubertal girls and half of the pubertal adolescents. The interobserver variability of these hymenal findings was fair. The prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) was low, none for the prepubertal children, and only 6% of the adolescent had STI, which was Hepatitis B. @*Conclusion@#The clinical profile of sexually abused prepubertal children differed from that of pubertal adolescents. There was a higher incidence of hymenal trauma and STIs in adolescents.

Uterine secretory activity and histology of prepubertal female dogs in an animal model of partial ablation of endometrial glands development / Atividade secretória uterina e histologia de cadelas pré-púberes em um modelo animal de ablação parcial do desenvolvimento das glândulas uterinas

Inadequate exposure of the female reproductive system to steroids in uterine developmental periods can partially inhibit the development of endometrial glands in dogs. However, the effects of steroids on the formed glands functionality remain unknown, as well as the possible occurrence of endometrial fibrosis. This study aimed to evaluate the secretory activity of endometrial glands in prebubertal female dogs submitted to a protocol of partial ablation of the uterine adenogenesis. Sixteen females of non-specific breed were distributed into two groups; MPA (n=8), females that received applications of medroxyprogesterone acetate every 3 weeks; and C (n=8) untreated control females. Ovariohysterectomy was performed in all animals at the age of 6 months and evaluated the uterine horns by histological and histochemistry exams. The secretion intensity (degrees 1-4) was evaluated using periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and alcian blue (AB) pH 2.5. Histological evaluation was performed using Masson's trichrome and toluidine blue. Only degree 1 and 2 marks for PAS were observed in both groups, with no difference of uterine secretion intensity between the groups regarding the degrees found. However, the MPA group revealed higher intensity of uterine secretion compared to group C (p<0.05). Staining with AB pH 2.5 also revealed only degree 1 and 2 marks in both groups, with no statistically significance between them. Masson's trichrome staining revealed no marks in the periglandular region in both groups. A higher among of mast cells was observed in the myometrial region of the uterus in both groups. Prepubertal female dogs with partial ablation of the uterine adenogenesis present minimal uterine secretory activity, absence of periglandular fibrosis and increased presence of mast cells in the myometrium compared to endometrium.(AU)

A exposição inadequada do sistema reprodutor feminino a esteróides em períodos do desenvolvimento uterino pode inibir parcialmente o desenvolvimento das glândulas endometriais em cães. Entretanto, não se conhece os efeitos dos esteróides sobre a funcionalidade das glândulas formadas, bem como a possível ocorrência de fibrose endometrial. Objetivou-se avaliar a atividade secretória das glândulas endometriais de cadelas pré-púberes submetidas a protocolo de ablação parcial da adenogênese uterina. Foram utilizadas 16 fêmeas, sem-raça-definida, distribuídas nos grupos MPA (n=8), fêmeas que receberam aplicações de acetato de medroxiprogesterona a cada 3 semanas, e C (n=8), fêmeas controle não tratadas. Aos seis meses de idade, foi realizada ovariohisterectomia em todos os animais, e avaliados os cornos uterinos pelo exame histológico e de histoquímica. Para avaliar a intensidade de secreção (graus 1-4), foram utilizadas periodic acid-Schiff e alcian blue (AB) pH 2,5. Para a avaliação histológica foram utilizados tricrômico de Masson e azul de toluidina. Apenas marcações graus 1 e 2 foram observadas para PAS em ambos os grupos, sem diferença na intensidade de secreção uterina entre grupos com relação aos graus encontrados. Entretanto, o grupo MPA apresentou maior intensidade de secreção uterina em relação ao grupo C (p<0,05). Com relação ao AB pH 2,5, em ambos os grupos também foram encontradas apenas marcações de graus 1 e 2, sem diferença estatística entre grupos. Não foram observadas marcações para a coloração de tricrômico de Masson na região periglandular, em ambos os grupos. Foi observada maior quantidade de mastócitos presentes no útero na região do miométrio, em ambos os grupos. Conclui-se que cadelas pré-púberes com ablação parcial da adenogênese uterina apresentam mínima atividade secretória uterina, ausência de fibrose periglandular e maior presença de mastócitos no miométrio em relação ao endométrio.(AU)

A Rare Case of Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension in Prepubertal Age

@#A 2-year-old girl who was under genetic follow up for developmental delay and dysmorphism was accidentally found to have bilateral optic disc swelling during screening examination. She showed response to optokinetic drum examination and the anterior segment examination was unremarkable. Optic disc swellings were seen in both eyes. Lumbar puncture shows high opening pressure of 50 cm H2O with unremarkable CSF analysis. MRI of brain was done and showed features in keeping with mild cerebral atrophy, with no evidence of hydrocephalus or space occupying lesion. She was diagnosed with idiopathic intracranial hypertension and oral acetazolamide 125mg bd was commenced. However, papilloedema persist despite medical therapy. Ventriculoperitonel shunt was inserted to reduce the csf pressure. This case report highlights the importance of considering idiopathic intracranial hypertension as a cause of optic disc swelling in pre-pubertal children because delay in diagnosis and treatment may permanently affect visual function especially in children.

Evaluation of Erythrocyte Iron Incorporation in Beijing Prepubertal Children Using a Single Stable Isotope Tracer Method / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

Objective@#To analyze the rate of erythrocyte iron incorporation and provided guidance for the iron nutrition for prepubertal children.@*Methods@#Fifty-seven prepubertal children of Beijing were involved in this study and each subject was orally administered 3 mg of Fe twice daily to obtain a total of 30 mg Fe after a 5-d period. The stable isotope ratios in RBCs were determined in 14th day, 28th day, 60th day, and 90th day. The erythrocyte incorporation rate in children was calculated using the stable isotope ratios, blood volume and body iron mass.@*Results@#The percentage of erythrocyte Fe incorporation increased starting 14 th day, reached a peak at 60 d (boys: 19.67% ± 0.56%, girls: 21.33% ± 0.59%) and then decreased. The erythrocyte incorporation rates of Fe obtained for girls in 60th day was significantly higher than those obtained for boys ( < 0.0001).@*Conclusions@#The oral administration of Fe to children can be used to obtain erythrocyte iron incorporation within 90 d. Prepubertal girls should begin to increase the intake of iron and further studies should pay more attention to the iron status in prepubertal children.

Fertility-sparing surgery for a prepubertal female with malignant ovarian germ cell tumor

@#<p style="text-align: justify;">Malignant ovarian germ cell tumors are rare ovarian malignancies accounting for 3 to 5% of all ovarian malignancies. They are mostly seen in adolescents and young women and are usually unilateral making fertility preservation imperative. Raised alpha-feto protein level is the hallmark of this tumor. Presented is a case of a premenarcheal 13 year old female diagnosed with yolk sac tumor and who underwent fertility-sparing surgery and adjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy post-operatively, with good outcome. In young patients, conservative surgery with adjuvant chemotherapy has made the preservation of fertility possible, even in patients with advanced disease. The increase in cure rates has shifted the focus of recent studies to the long term menstrual, reproductive, and gynecologic outcomes in these patients. </p>

Importancia de la anamnesis exhaustiva ante una ginecomastia unilateral inexplicada en un niño / Importance of the exhaustive anamnesis to an unexplained unilateral gynecomastia in a child

La ginecomastia es el crecimiento de la mama por un desequilibrio hormonal entre estrógenos y andrógenos. Un crecimiento importante y unilateral requiere descartar patologías subyacentes. Una causa poco frecuente es la traumática, que provoca aumento de tamaño por estimulación repetida. Se presenta el caso de un niño de 6 años con ginecomastia unilateral. Se destaca como único hallazgo en las pruebas complementarias hiperprolactinemia. Rehistoriando, se detecta una continua autoestimulación mamaria manual y oral a través de mordiscos de meses de evolución. Tras el cese del estímulo, se observa la involución de la mama y la normalización de los niveles de prolactina séricos.

Gynecomastia consists of breast enlargement due to a hormonal imbalance between estrogens and androgens. Unilateral and important breast growth requires ruling underlying pathologic disorders out. Mechanical cause is uncommon, causing enlargement by repeated stimulation. We report a 6-year-old boy with unilateral gynecomastia. Hyperprolactinemia is the only abnormal finding at laboratory tests. After repeated inquiries, a continuous breast selfstimulation is detected. Its relation with gynecomastia is verified because prolactin normalizes and breast regressed in further revisions, after stopping stimulus.

Testicular Teratomas In Children- Case Series

Testicular tumors are very uncommon in children and teratomas are the commonest of these tumors. We are reporting our experience with five cases of testicular teratomas in the last 25 years.

Prepubertal growth and single nucleotide polymorphism analysis of the growth hormone gene of low birth weight Holstein calves

Holstein calves weighing less than 20 kg at birth have been noted in Korea. Due to insufficient information, we raised small calves with age-matched normal birth weight Holstein calves and determined body weights before puberty. In addition, 3 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the growth hormone (GH) gene were analyzed. Up to 10 months of age, low birth weight calves were smaller than normal weight calves. In exon 5 of the GH gene, SNP genotype variation was detected in some small calves; however, this did not appear to be the only factor inducing low birth weight and slow growth.

Inhibin B level helps evaluate the testicular function of prepubertal patients with varicocele / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>Objective</b>To investigate the role of the serum inhibin B (INHB) level in evaluating the testicular function of the prepubertal patient with varicocele (VC) after high ligation of the spermatic vein (HLSV).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>This study included 31 prepubertal male patients with left VC, averaging 12.55 years of age and 9 complicated by right VC. We collected peripheral blood samples before and at 4, 12 and 26 weeks after HLSV as well as spermatic venous blood samples intraoperatively for determination of the levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone (T), anti-sperm antibody (AsAb) and serum INHB by ELISA.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the baseline, statistically significant differences were observed in the INHB level in the peripheral blood at 12 and 26 weeks after operation (［255.18 ± 69.97］ vs ［141.78 ± 59.82］ pg/ml, P < 0.05) and that in the spermatic venous blood intraoperatively (［255.18 ± 69.97］ vs ［412.44 ± 259.42］ pg/ml, P < 0.01). Spearman's analysis showed a negative correlation between the level of INHB and that of FSH (r = －0.224, P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The level of serum INHB in the peripheral blood of the prepubertal VC patient is decreased within 6 months after HLSV and negatively correlated with that of FSH. The levels of INHB and FSH may well reflect the testicular function of the prepubertal VC patient.</p>

An in vitro prototype of a porcine biomimetic testis-like cell culture system: A novel tool for the study of reassembled Sertoli and Leydig cells / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

At present, there is no reliable in vitro assembled prepubertal testis.like biomimetic organ culture system designed to assess the functional effects of human gonadotropins on Sertoli and Leydig cells. Spermatogenesis is regulated by endocrine, paracrine, and juxtacrine factors (testicular cross-talk), mainly orchestrated by gonadotropins such as luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) that play a pivotal role by stimulating Leydig and Sertoli cells, respectively. The aim of our study was to set up an in vitro prepubertal porcine bioengineered construct as a new model for experimental studies on reassembled Sertoli and Leydig cells. We have evaluated Sertoli and Leydig cells obtained from 15- to 20-day-old neonatal pig testes in terms of purity and function. Subsequently, purified Sertoli and enriched Leydig cells were subjected to coincubation to obtain an in vitro prepubertal porcine testis-like culture system. We performed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), inhibin B, and testosterone secretion in the medium, and Real-Time PCR analysis of AMH, inhibin B, FSH-r, aromatase, LHr, and 3β-HSD mRNA expression levels. This in vitro testis-like system was highly responsive to the effects of human gonadotropins and testosterone. AMH mRNA expression and secretion declined, and inhibin-B increased, while FSH-receptor expression was downregulated upon FSH/LH exposure/treatment. Finally, the production of testosterone was increased selectively upon LH treatment. In summary, our proposed model could help to better determine the action of human gonadotropins on Sertoli and Leydig cells. The potential usefulness of the system for shedding light into male infertility-related issues is evident.

Factors affecting height velocity in normal prepubertal children

PURPOSE: To analyze the effects of clinical and laboratory factors, including insulin-like growth factor (IGF) levels, on the height velocity of normal prepubertal children. METHODS: Ninety-five healthy prepubertal children (33 boys, 62 girls) were enrolled. The mean chronological age was 6.3±1.4 years, with a height standard deviation score (SDS) of -0.88±0.70. IGF-1, IGF binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), SDS for anthropometric measurements, and changes in SDS for anthropometric measurements were analyzed for 1 year, and their associations with 1-year height velocity were investigated. RESULTS: The group of children with a 1-year height velocity of ≥6 cm were chronologically younger than the group with a 1-year height velocity of < 6 cm (5.9±1.3 years vs. 6.7±1.3 years, P=0.004), with a lesser increase of SDS for body mass index (BMI) over 1 year (-0.18±0.68 vs. 0.13±0.53, P=0.014). There were no differences between the 2 groups in IGF-1 SDS and IGFBP-3 SDS. Multiple linear regression showed that baseline chronological age (r=0.243, P=0.026) and height SDS (r=0.236, P=0.030) were positively associated with IGF-1 SDS. Binomial logistic regression showed that an older chronologic age at referral (odds ratio [OR], 0.68; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.47–0.99) and an increase of BMI SDS over 1 year (OR, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.18–0.89) were associated with a decreased growth possibility of an above-average height velocity (≥6 cm/yr). CONCLUSIONS: Height velocity of normal prepubertal children is affected by an increase of BMI SDS and chronological age. Prepubertal IGF-1 SDS reflects height SDS at the time of measurement but is not associated with subsequent height velocity.

Fat mass index performs best in monitoring management of obesity in prepubertal children / Índice de massa gorda apresenta melhor desempenho no monitoramento do tratamento da obesidade em crianças pré-púberes

Abstract Objective An early and accurate recognition of success in treating obesity may increase the compliance of obese children and their families to intervention programs. This observational, prospective study aimed to evaluate the ability and the time to detect a significant reduction of adiposity estimated by body mass index (BMI), percentage of fat mass (%FM), and fat mass index (FMI) during weight management in prepubertal obese children. Methods In a cohort of 60 prepubertal obese children aged 3–9 years included in an outpatient weight management program, BMI, %FM, and FMI were monitored monthly; the last two measurements were assessed using air displacement plethysmography. The outcome measures were the reduction of >5% of each indicator and the time to achieve it. Results The rate of detection of the outcome was 33.3% (95% CI: 25.9–41.6) using BMI, significantly lower (p < 0.001) than either 63.3% using %FM (95% CI: 50.6–74.8) or 70.0% (95% CI: 57.5–80.1) using FMI. The median time to detect the outcome was 71 days using FMI, shorter than 88 days using %FM, and similar to 70 days using BMI. The agreement between the outcome detected by FMI and by %FM was high (kappa 0.701), but very low between the success detected by BMI and either FMI (kappa 0.231) or %FM (kappa 0.125). Conclusions FMI achieved the best combination of ability and swiftness to identify reduction of adiposity during monitoring of weight management in prepubertal obese children.

Resumo Objetivo O reconhecimento precoce e preciso do sucesso no tratamento da obesidade pode aumentar a adesão de crianças obesas e suas famílias a programas de intervenção. Este estudo observacional prospectivo visa a avaliar a capacidade e o tempo de detecção de uma redução significativa na adiposidade estimada pelo índice de massa corporal (IMC) no percentual de massa gorda (% MG) e no índice de massa gorda (IMG) durante o controle de peso em crianças obesas pré-púberes. Métodos Em uma coorte de 60 crianças obesas pré-púberes entre três e nove anos, incluídas em um programa ambulatorial de controle de peso, o IMC, o % MG e o IMG foram monitorados mensalmente e as duas últimas medições avaliadas foram feitas com pletismografia por deslocamento de ar. As medições resultantes foram redução de > 5% de cada indicador e atingir o tempo para tanto. Resultados A taxa de detecção do resultado foi de 33,3% (IC de 95% 25,9-41,6) com o uso de IMC, significativamente menor (p < 0,001) do que 63,3% com % MG (IC de 95% 50,6-74,8) ou 70,0% (IC de 95% 57,5-80,1) com IMG. O tempo médio para detectar o resultado foi de 71 dias com o IMG, menos do que 88 dias com %MG e semelhante a 70 dias com o IMC. A concordância entre o resultado detectado pelo IMG e pelo % MG foi elevada (kappa 0,701), porém muito baixa entre o sucesso detectado pelo IMC e pelo IMG (kappa 0,231) ou %MG (kappa 0,125). Conclusões O IMG atingiu a melhor combinação de capacidade e precocidade para identificar redução na adiposidade durante o monitoramento do controle de peso em crianças obesas pré-púberes.

Hidradenitis supurativa prepuberal: presentación de 2 casos clínicos / Prepubertal Hidradenitis suppurativa: Report of 2 clinical cases

La hidradenitis supurativa (HS) es una enfermedad inflamatoria de la piel, caracterizada por la aparición de nódulos profundos en zonas que poseen glándulas apocrinas. Aparece más frecuentemente en mujeres entre la segunda y la tercera década de la vida. Objetivo Reportar 2 pacientes portadoras de HS a edad prepuberal. Caso 1 Paciente de sexo femenino, 10 años de edad, Tanner I-II, con antecedentes de obesidad. Consultó por un cuadro de 4 meses de evolución caracterizado por lesiones recurrentes en región inguinal bilateral que ocasionalmente drenan material purulento. Se diagnosticó HS Hurley I, se trató con antibióticos tópicos y manejo nutricional, con buena respuesta. Caso 2 Paciente de sexo femenino, 10 años de edad, Tanner I-II, con antecedentes de obesidad. Consultó desde los 6 años por cuadros recurrentes de lesiones en cara interna de muslo izquierdo. Fue tratada con múltiples cursos de antibióticos con escasa respuesta. Se diagnosticó HS Hurley I y se decidió manejo con terapia fotodinámica y apoyo nutricional, con buena respuesta. Conclusiones La etiología de la HS no es clara. La presentación a edades tempranas se asocia a antecedentes familiares y compromiso más extenso a futuro. El tratamiento de la enfermedad depende de cada caso, no existiendo un protocolo establecido.

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is an inflammatory follicular skin disease. It usually presents as recurrent, deep nodules in flexural apocrine gland bearing areas. It appears mainly in women, in the second and third decade of life. Objective To present 2 cases of patients with prepuberal HS. Case 1 A 10-year old female, Tanner stage I-II and obesity. History of 4 months of evolution with bilateral recurrent groin lesions that occasionally drain pus; HS Hurley stage I was diagnosed, and topical antibiotics and nutritional management were prescribed, with a good response. Case 2 A 10 years old female, Tanner stage I-II and obesity. Since the age of 6 years, recurrent episodes of lesions in the inner side of the left thigh were observed, and multiple antibiotics with poor response were prescribed. HS Hurley stage I was diagnosed, and photodynamic therapy and nutritional management were used, with good response. Conclusions The etiology of HS is unclear. Usually the presentation at early age is associated with a family history and more extensive compromise in the future. Treatment is difficult and depends on each case and severity.

Características clínicas y etiología de la ginecomastia en pacientes en edad prepuberal / Clinical features and etiology of gynecomastia in patients at prepubertal age

La ginecomastia es la proliferación benigna del tejido glandular mamario del varón, generalmente aparece en ciertos periodos de la vida como la época neonatal, puberal o senil, siendo la expresión de cierto disbalance en la acción de estrógenos y andrógenos en la glándula mamaria. Es poco frecuente durante la prepubertad y se debe investigar exhaustivamente el origen de la misma. Objetivo: evaluar las características clínicas y poder definir la etiología en un grupo de pacientes con ginecomastia prepuberal, Materiales y métodos: es un estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo y multicéntrico. Se recolectaron datos de antecedentes familiares, personales, examen físico, laboratorio, evolución, conducta terapéutica y se determinaron las posibles etiologías. Resultados: Fueron evaluados 53 pacientes con ginecomastia, con edad media de 8,4 años (0,88-13,72 años), se encontró mayor prevalencia en niños mayores de 7 años (79,2 %). La presentación bilateral fue la más frecuente en el 73,5 %, 17 (32 %) presentaron obesidad, siendo en 7 (13,7 %) severa (IMC ≥ 3 SDS). En 34 pacientes (64,1 %) no se encontró la etiología; en 12 pacientes (23,5 %) se constató fuente exógena de estrógeno; 2 pacientes con exceso de aromatasa; 1 con neurofibromatosis tipo I y glíoma del nervio óptico; 1 niño con tumor suprarrenal izquierdo productor de estrógenos y 1 paciente con síndrome de Peutz-Jeghers. Conclusión: La ginecomastia prepuberal es poco común, en esta población el mayor porcentaje fue idiopática o por exposición a estrógenos exógenos, pero es una señal de alarma que obliga a descartar la presencia de un trastorno endocrinológico importante.

Gynecomastia is the benign proliferation of male breast glandular tissue. The occurrence of gynecomastia at prepubertal ages is very uncommon and can be a sign of severe endocrine or systemic disease. The main underlying mechanism for the development of gynecomastia appears to be the imbalance between estrogen and androgen action. Objective: to assess clinical characteristics, etiology and course of prepubertal gynecomastia in a group of patients regularly followed at the endocrinology clinic. We performed a retrospective, descriptive, multicenter study. Materials and methods: data on family history, past history of the disease, physical examination, and clinical course were collected. Results: 53 prepubertal patients were included. Median age at presentation was 8.4 years (0.88-13.72 years). An increased prevalence was observed in children > 7 years (79.2 %). Bilateral gynecomastia was the most common form of presentation, (73.5 %). Seventeen patients (32 %) were obese, 7 (13.7 %) with a BMI above 3 SDS. In 34 patients (64.1 %) the etiology of gynecomastia could not be identified (idiopathic). In 12 patients (23.5 %) estrogen exposure was detected; 2 patients suffered from aromatase excess syndrome, 1 had neurofibromatosis type I and optic glioma, 1 had a feminizing adrenocortical tumor and 1 had Peutz-Jeghers syndrome. Conclusion: Prepubertal gynecomastia is rare. In this cohort of 53 children, the most common etiologies were idiopathic or exogenous estrogens exposure. Although gynecomastia may be due to benign causes, in the majority of patients evaluations should be performed to rule out a severe underlying systemic or endocrine disease.

Isolated fallopian tube torsion in prepubertal females – A report of 2 cases

Isolated fallopian tube torsion is an uncommon diagnosis. It is particularly rare in the paediatric and post-menopausal age groups. It lacks pathognomonic symptoms, signs and imaging findings, yet each of these diagnostic steps plays a crucial role in early diagnosis. We describe two cases of isolated fallopian tube torsion in prepubertal females.

Effects of prepubertal corticosterone treatment on urinary bladder

PURPOSE: The aim of this work was to analyze the bladder wall modifications after a chronic treatment with high doses of corticosterone in prepubertal rats. METHODS: This study included 26 male rats assigned into four groups: T30 was treated with corticosterone until 29 days of age and killed at day 30, while T65 group received the same treatment but was killed at day 65. Each group had its own control group (C30 and C65). For treated animals, daily intraperitoneal injections of corticosterone (20 mg/Kg) were administered between 7th and 29th day of life. Bladders were removed and collagen, smooth muscle, elastic fibers system, vascular density and epithelium were analyzed by morphometrical methods, immunofluorescence, and biochemistry. RESULTS: Vascular density in lamina propria was reduced by 40% (p<0.05) in group T65. Collagen organization was altered in T30 and T65, although total collagen concentration was unchanged. The T65 group had an increase in elastic system fibers. There was no difference in epithelial height and cell density between the groups. Concerning the smooth muscle fibers density we observed a 19% increase (p<0.05) in the T65 group. CONCLUSION: Prepubertal administration of corticosterone induces structural modifications in the bladder of rats in a medium term analysis. .

Inj ury of male reproductive system of rats by prepubertal exposure to exogenous estrogen and its natural process of tissue repair / 吉林大学学报(医学版)

Objective To investigate the influence of prepubertal exposure to estradiol benzoate (EB)in the male reproductive system of the rats and the natural process of tissue repair,and to clarify the possible mechanism of the reproductive toxicity of exogenous estrogen.Methods Ninety 2 1-day-old male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 2 experimental groups (low dose of EB group and high dose of EB group,n=30)and control group (n=30). The rats in the experimental groups were injected with EB dissolved in peanut oil at 15(low dose of EB group)and 15 000μg·kg-1 (high dose of EB group)respectively,the rats in control group received equal vehicle injection only,once every other day for two weeks from postnatal day(PND)21 to 34.All of them were normally fed after the drug usage was stopped.The testes were harvested at the stages of PND 60 and PND 125(n=15 at each stage).The serum levels testosterone of (T),follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH),luteinizing hormone(LH),prolactin (PRL)and estradiol(E2)of the rats in various groups were detected with radioimmunology method and the weights of the rats in various groups were recorded;the histological changes of the testes tissue were observed with light microscope.Results On PND60,compared with control group,the T levels in low dose of EB group and high dose of EB group were decreased(P0.05);the weights of testes were decreased(P0.05 ), and the weight of testes was decreased (P0.05),and the weight of testes was decreased(P<0.01);there was still no sperm in high dose of EB group, the number of sperms was increased in low dose of EB group, but it was still lower than that in control group.Conclusion EB is harmful to the reproductive system and can change the normal serum sex hormone levels,even induces the irreversible injury.

Aromatase excess syndrome presenting with prepubertal gynecomastia in an Egyptian child with type 1 neurofibromatosis.

A romatase excess syndrome (AEXS) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by prepubertal gynecomastia, it responds well to medical treatment. In the absence of prompt suspicion, it can expose the patient to the risk of unnecessary surgical intervention. Up to our best knowledge, the association between AEXS and neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) was not reported before. Here, we describe a AEXS presenting with prepubertal gynecomastia in an Egyptian child with NF1 that improved with aromatase inhibitors.

Gonadectomia pré-puberal em cães e gatos / Prepubertal gonadectomy in dogs and cats

A população de cães e gatos errantes é um problema grave de saúde pública e bem estar animal e a gonadectomia pré-puberal a partir de seis semanas de idade é a base para controle populacional efetivo. Os efeitos benéficos e maléficos são discutidos nesta revisão, auxiliando o médico veterinário a obter conhecimento e fundamentação científica para análise crítica do tema, propagação dessa prática e conscientização de proprietários.

Stray dogs and cats is a serious problem to public health and animal welfare. Prepubertal gonadectomy from six weeks of age is a solution to effective pet overpopulation control. The benefits and adverse effects of this procedure are discussed in this paper, allowing the veterinarians to obtain knowledge and scientific basis to critical analysis to the topic, practice spread and owner awareness.